Hygienic stove



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

' F. W. MERRIAM'.

HYGIENIG STOVE.

.N0.-444,8.41. Patented Jan. 20, 1891.

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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

P. W. MERRIAM.

HYGIENIG STOVE.

No. 444,841. Patented Jan. 20,1891.

UNITED STATES PATENT Darren.

FREDERICK TV. MERRIAM, OF NORTH ADAMS, MASSACHUSETTS.

HYGIENIC STOVE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 444,841, dated January 20, 1891. Application filed February 26,1890. Serial No. 341,841. (No model.)

.To aZZ who/21. it 'nwy concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK W. MER- RIAM, of North Adams, in the county of Berkshire and State of Massachusetts, have in vented a new and useful Improvement in I-Iygienic Stoves, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification.

Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

My present invention relates to a hygienic stove designed for use in school-rooms or other places where it is important to have the air in the room frequently changed without creating dangerous drafts; also where it is desirable to have the heat of the room suitably tempered without changing the fire-dampers or wholly or partially extinguishing the fire.

I am aware that many devices have been employed to accomplish some or all of the objects of my present invention; but all means heretofore employed, to my knowledge, have required elaborate and complicated parts, eitherbuilt into the structure of the building or arranged in connection with a furnace set in masonry or placed outside of the room to be warmed and provided with connections made with independent ventilating-shafts or with passages formed in the chimneys and similarly; but all of the means heretofore employed are expensive, requiring persons having considerable skill to manage them effectively and, above all, are not adapted or practicable for use in an ordinary country schoolhouse or in rooms that need to be warmed and ventilated'from stoves or heaters placed in the room itself.

My invention therefore provides for tempering, purifying, and ventilating a room arranged for ordinary heating by direct radiation in distinction from cases where the air is heated outside of the room to be warmed and conveyed thence by pipes or conductors.

My present invention therefore relates to a combination of devices for warming, tempering, and ventilating applicable especially to isolated buildings or parts of buildings, such as halls, churches, school-houses, offices, shops, &c., where the ordinary apparatus designed for these purposes would be too expensiveor would not be efficiently adaptable.

In the drawings,Figure 1 is a sectional elevation on the line X X, Fig. at. Fig.2 is a sec- 3 is a sectional view 011 the line X X, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a sectional view on the line 3 y,- Fig. 2.

In the drawings, B represents the body of the stove or heater resting on the usual base 0 and provided with the grate g, ash pit D, ash-box a fire-door and entrance to furnace proper a, the casing M, flue I, damper (I, also the usual parts found in stoves of this general character. In my present invention I have, in addition, an outer or secondary casing L, the several casings and parts being held in place by rings or bands 0 c c and base a, as is customary in stoves or furnaces of this general description.

Outside of the smoke-flue l is provided a ventilating-shaft J, communicating with the vertical cold-air chamber formed between the outer casing L and inner easing M at the back of the stove, as shown in Fig. 1, and indicated by J. The ventilating-shaft J and chamber J are preferably formed, as shown in Fig. 1, with a register S opening from the room into the lower portion of chamber J.

The principal parts auxiliary to the parts already described consist of the hot-air chambers u and 7t, the cold-air chamber 7;, and suitable mixing or tempering valves placedbetween the chamber h and chambers to 1;, substantially on the line 3 y, Fig. 2, and particularly shown in Fig. 4..

The valves N N N, Fig. 2, open into the hot-air chamber to and the valves 0 O O 0 open into the cold-air chamber '0. The cold air is admitted in any convenient manner, but preferably at the bottom, as shown in Fig. 2, at K, from which it readily ascends through the chambers o and it. The air can be conveyed under the floor to compartment K by a cold-air box in the usual manner.

Inside of the outer casing L, and preferably at the back of the stove, I place a secondary heater F, Fig. 1, which has its line 1 com municating with flue I, as shown, damper (Z, grate f, door 6, ash-pit G, the latter for convenience communicating directly with the ash-pit D of the main stove or heater. The fuel is supplied through the door T in the outer casing L. The ash-pit or chute D also serves as a draft-flue to the grate F.

The valves N N N and O O O O are hung tioual elevation on the line 1 y, Fig. 3. Fig.

on suitable rods or journaled in thepartition which separates the chamber h from thelower chambers Q) and u, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, at p p These valves are operated by suitable rods P, attached to the valves or to projections placed thereon, as indicated by Z Z the rods P all connecting with the principal rod 7e and operated from the outside by knob 7o. It will be noticed in this connection that the valves are so hung and connected that while the valves N are open the valves 0 are closed, and when the rod 7c is turned the Valves N are gradually closed and the valves 0 proportionally opened. These valves operating as described constitute the tempering apparatus of my device.

The operation is simple and effective and can be manipulated by an ordinary person. The fire being made in stove or heater B, the smokeis carried to the flue I, and can be regulated by damper d and the ordinary draft and air openings beneath and above the grate, as usual. The hot air ascending in chamber a, passes through the open valves N into chamber 71, and from thence into the room, as shown by the arrows in Fig. 1. The heat from the inner casing M sufficiently warms the cool air containedin chamberv to make it ascend. When the air of t-heroom becomes sui'ficiently heated, the tempering-valves are adjusted and a portion of the hot air from chamber a is excluded and fresh air is admitted through valves 0 from chamber '0, and thus the temperature of the room is kept at an even height without changing the fire-drafts. The room is also freely supplied with pure fresh air. I am not aware that these important requisites can be secured in any ordinary stove or heater that can be placed in any room and is readily portable. The warmth from flue I makes a sufficient draft in the ventilating or aspirating flue J- The register S being opened, the foul or vitiated air is readily withdrawn through said aspirating-fiue J in the most perfect manner. I thus provide tempered pure air to the room and remove the foul air by a combination of devices contained within the casing of a portable stove.

The auxiliary ventilating device is provided for use when the fire in the stove or heater Bis low; also for ventilating purposes when no fire is required in B. In cases where little or no fire is required in B the damper d is closed and a fire started in auxiliary stove F, sufiicient to warm the air in aspirating-flue J and chamber J, in which case the foul air of the room would be drawn off through register S and fine J, as before. The auxiliary ventilating device can also be used by placing an oil-stove or even a lamp in the body of F, and usually sufficient heat will be obtained to cause the foul air to ascend in flue J. Thus my present invention provides for warmth and ventilation at all seasons of the year, as required, and for very perfect ventilation at all times without necessarily heating the room,

'unless desired.

I do not confine myself to any special form of stove-or heater, nor to the precise location of parts, as the tempering-valves could be placed lower down, even near the bottom of the stove, and still be within the spirit of my invention. The rods, &c., operating the valves could be arranged in any convenient manner that ordinary mechanical skill would suggest.

Having now described myinvention, whatl claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. A portable stove or furnace having an outer and inner casing, there being suitable passages or flues inside of the inner casing for admitting air below and warming and delivering the same above to the room, there being also a cold-air passage or flue between the outer and inner casings, and suitable valves placed within or over said passages or flues, said valves having intermediate rods and a central rod, all connected and adapted to be operated simultaneously by means of the said central and intermediate rods and to control the delivery of the air from said warm and cold air passages or fines to the room, all combined substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In a hygienic stove or heater provided with an outer and inner casing, said casings forming the air-passages u and U, the valves N N N and O O O, placed above said passages 7.6 and o and separating them from chamber h, and provided with the connecting-rods p and the central rod is, in combination with said passages u and 1;, arranged and adapted to operate substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a hygienic stove adapted for warming and ventilating purposes, the auxiliary device herein described for creating an as cending current of air in the aspirating or ventilating flue, and consisting of the stove or heating device F and flue I, in combination with smoke-pipe I, ascending inside the aspirating-flue, arranged and adapted to operate substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In a hygienic stove, the combination of the stove B and auxiliary device F, provided with the air and ash flue G, communicating with the ash-pit D and with the flue I, and fiues J and J, communicating with the room, arranged to operate substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, on this 21st day of February, A. D. 1890.

FREDERICK \V. MERRIAM.

Witnesses:

ASHLEY B. WRIGH DWIGHT WHITE.

IIS 

